What is molluscum contagiosum?
As a parent, discovering small, round bumps on your child’s skin can be concerning. One common cause of these lesions is a viral infection called molluscum contagiosum. While generally harmless, molluscum contagiosum can be bothersome and persist for years without treatment. Let’s provide you with the information you need to understand, manage, and prevent this skin condition.
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). It manifests as small, flesh-colored or pink bumps with a dimple in the center. These lesions can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, trunk, arms, and legs in children. The virus spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact, contaminated objects (like towels or toys), and sometimes even water in swimming pools.
Who is at risk?
Molluscum contagiosum is most common in children under the age of 10, especially those who engage in close contact play. It can also occur in individuals with weakened immune systems or those with eczema, as their compromised skin barrier makes it easier for the virus to spread.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The hallmark sign of molluscum contagiosum is the appearance of small, firm, round papules with a central indentation. These bumps are usually painless but can become red, itchy, or irritated if scratched. In some cases, a secondary bacterial infection may develop due to excessive scratching. Diagnosis is typically made based on the appearance of the lesions, and further testing is rarely necessary.
Treatment options
This condition is generally self-limiting, meaning it will resolve on its own within 6 to 12 months, though some cases may last up to a few years. However, treatment may be recommended if the lesions are widespread, bothersome, or at risk of secondary infection. Options include:
Topical treatments: Prescription creams containing retinoids, cantharidin, or imiquimod can help clear the lesions over time.
Cryotherapy: Freezing the bumps with liquid nitrogen can be effective but may be uncomfortable for children.
Curettage: A dermatologist can remove the lesions using a small instrument, though this may cause mild discomfort.
Home care and prevention
To prevent the spread of molluscum contagiosum and support healing:
Encourage children not to scratch or pick at the lesions.
Keep the affected areas covered with clothing or bandages if there is a risk of spreading.
Avoid sharing personal items like towels, washcloths, and toys.
Practice good hygiene, including regular handwashing.
When to see a dermatologist
While molluscum contagiosum is generally harmless, consult a dermatologist if:
The lesions are spreading rapidly or becoming painful.
The lesions are there for months and you want to treat them.
There are signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus.
Your child has a weakened immune system and is developing extensive lesions.
Final thoughts
Molluscum contagiosum is a common and generally mild skin infection in children. While it can be frustrating to deal with, by following preventive measures to avoid its propagation and seeking appropriate treatment when necessary, you can help your child navigate this condition with minimal discomfort. If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to a dermatologist for guidance.
